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Carex longii

Mack. (1922)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Carex

carex

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Plants densely cespitose.

Stems: Culms 30–120(–140) cm, vegetative culms with few leaves clustered at apex.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. 3-ranked. Leaves: sheaths adaxially conspicuously green–veined nearly to collar, with a narrow hyaline band or sharp Y–shaped hyaline region at collar; adaxially firm, summits U–shaped, finely papillose; distal ligules 1.8–4.4(–6) mm; blades 2–4(–6) per fertile culm, 8–30 cm × 2–4.5 mm. Margins entire. Veins parallel. Sheathing. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in spikes 3–10, distinct, ellipsoid to ovoid, 6–13(–17) × 3.8–7 mm, base rounded or obtuse, apex obtuse to broadly acute; staminate portion 2 mm or less. pistillate scales white–hyaline, becoming pale silvery brown with age, with pale or green center, broadly lanceolate, 2.2–3.7 mm, shorter and narrower than perigynia, apex obtuse. inflorescences ± erect, usually open, green to brown, 1–4.5(–6) cm × 5–14 mm; proximal internode 1–14 mm; 2d internode 3–8 mm; proximal bracts scalelike, often with bristle tips. Flowers unisexual. Corolla (petals) absent. Ovary superior; styles straight.

Fruit: Achenes oblong; 1.3–1.7 × 0.7–1 mm; 0.4–0.5 mm thick; apiculum less than 0.4 mm. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy: 2n = 58; 62

Habitat: Wet or seasonally wet; sandy soils; fields; thickets; ditches; pond edges; open woods; occasionally bogs.

Elevation Range: 0–800 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49: 373 (1922)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1387 (H? [as C. ovalis, single spm. in 1956 from Kahua Ranch, Kohala]); Strong & Wagner 1997:37 (NEWNAT/EM, H [as C. longii], DESCR, KEY); Wagner & Herbst 2003:51 (C. ovalis misapplied = C. longii); Oppenheimer 2010:35 (Mo)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Carex longii East Maui, Upper Shelf of Kipahulu Valley at the Ginger Camp LZ Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1785 Maui BISH 1993-11-03
2 Carex longii Smith Camp; Kaumakani (mid slopes) Preserved_Specimen Gagné, B.H. 3046 Maui BISH 1991-04-16
3 Carex longii Honaunau Forest, South Kona, near Kealakekua Ranch Growing on side of old jeep road with Anthoxanthum odoratum, and Holcus lanatus. Preserved_Specimen Height 2 ft. Cuddihy, L.W. 259 Hawaii BISH 1980-03-28
4 Carex longii East Maui, Upper Shelf of Kipahulu Valley along the trail above Koukouai Stream Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1781 Maui BISH 1993-11-02
5 Carex longii East Maui, Kahakapao Rd On side of rd, open pasture, wet soil. Associated vegetation: Psidium, Ulex, Crotalaria, Desmodium. Preserved_Specimen Decumbent clumping sedge <1m ht; lvs linear 1-4mm; inflorescence moniliform-spicate 3-5cm long; achenes lenticular, spikes ovoid. Starr, F. 203131 Maui BISH 2002-03-13
6 Carex longii East Maui. Manawainui Valley (East of Kaupo Gap), near back of valley in W fork, base of wall, Aspect: E. Scattered plants along seeping wall, remnant mesic slope. Mesic: Ageratina, Desmodium, Deschampsia, Deparia, Bidens, Metrosideros, Acacia, Melinis, Aleurites Preserved_Specimen Pezzillo, Z. 1272 Maui BISH 2025-09-23
7 Carex longii East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu Valley, along Palikea Stream west side, N of Fern Camp On stream bank in open koa forest. Preserved_Specimen Single plant. Oppenheimer, H.L. 50502 Maui BISH 2005-05-05
8 Carex longii Upper S fork of Kaunakakai Gulch, W of Hanalilolilo, along Forestry Rd near second culvert Naturalized on wet, muddy unpaved roadside, with other weedy taxa such as Kyllinga, Conyza, Persicaria, Lotus, Paspalum, Hedychium. Preserved_Specimen Localized herbs. Oppenheimer, H.L. 90823 Molokai BISH 2008-09-26
9 Carex longii Just SW of Waimea Reservoir Muddy area. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 7106 Hawaii BISH 1986-09-09
10 Carex longii East Maui, Hana District, Waihoi Valley, back of valley. Northing: 2294813; Easting: 0804877 Patches in pig-disturbed, open sites in Metrosideros Wet Forest with other weeds such as Kyllinga brevifolia, Juncus planifolius, Tibouchina herbacea, Clidemia hirta, Hedychium gardnerianum, Paspalum conjugatum. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 41420 Maui BISH 2014-04-30
11 Carex longii W Maui, Wailuaiki along ditch road Growing on and beside the road surface only. Preserved_Specimen Dense clumps. Hobdy, R.W. 1094 Maui BISH 1981-05-15
12 Carex longii East Maui, Hana District, vicinity of Kolea Stream Growing in muddy ground. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 100104 Maui BISH 2001-10-14
13 Carex longii N Kohala Dist.; Hawi Quadrangle, Parker Ranch. Stock ponds in vicinity of Kehena Reservoir Emergent vegetation growing along the shore and standing water on pond edge. Preserved_Specimen Engilis Jr., A. 9202 Hawaii BISH 1992-06-08
14 Carex longii N of Kahua Ranch, Kohala Mts, on jeep road to head of Honokane Gulch complex Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Wentworth, J.O. 7 Hawaii BISH 1969-10-10
15 Carex longii S Kohala District; N of Honokane Nui Stream Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest & scattered Metrosideros-Machaerina montane wet bogs. Collected in bog. Associated species: Viola maviensis, Lycopodium venustulum, Palhinhaea cernua, Myrsine sandwicensis & M. lessertiana, Vaccinium dentatum, Calamagrostis expansa. Preserved_Specimen Leaf sheath light-brown to dark-brown; culm dark-green; old spikelets brown. Wood, K.R. 4748 Hawaii BISH 1995-11-15
16 Carex longii Kohala Mts., Mt. Eke, slopes of Puu Ahia with Metrosideros, Cibotium, Clermontia, Carex alligata, Broussaisia, Sadleria, Cyrtandra, Myrsine, Vaccinium, Cheirodendron; marsh Preserved_Specimen 3-4' sedge, with fruit Perlman, S. 14845 Hawaii BISH 1995-08-09
17 Carex longii Honaunau Forest Reserve, South Jeep Road Common, mixed with grasses in and along road at higher elevation. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1705 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-07
18 Carex longii Kaapaku, Ohia L.Z. Along trail from LZ to camp Naturalized. Ohia wet forest. Growing with Kadua affinis, Paspalum conjugatum, and Metrosideros polymorpha. Preserved_Specimen A few patches. Some confusion about taxonomy. Starr, F. 9020201 Maui BISH 2009-02-02
19 Carex longii Hualalai, Kaloko Dr. Roadside weed Preserved_Specimen Rare, only one plant seen Faccenda, K. 2281 Hawaii BISH 2022-03-03
20 Carex longii Kahakapau Road, Makawao, Maui, Hawaii Growing along Kahakapau Road, near entrance to park with Sporobolus indicus, Paspalum urvillei, Plumbago lanceolata, Ipomoea indica, Gorse (Ulex europaeus), and Psidium cattleianum. Preserved_Specimen Clumping to spreading sedge. Crago, L.M. 2005193 Maui BISH 2005-08-11
21 Carex longii South Kona District, Kealakekua Ranch, Kealakekua ahupua'a, road to Papaloa 'ohi'a/fern forest heavily disturbed by grazing Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5958 Hawaii BISH 1988-03-11
22 Carex longii 2184 Kulani Pahoehoe flow. Preserved_Specimen Adee, K.T. Hawaii BISH 1978-09-25
23 Carex longii Kamuela east of urban center, Hauani Gulch above Puu Kakanihia Disturbed Metrosideros wet forest, growing along streambank and in cracks of small cement dam adjacent to a gaging station on Lanimaumau Stream, along with Juncus effusus, alien grasses. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 200455 Hawaii BISH 2004-09-27
24 Carex longii Kona Preserved_Specimen Leaves about 8 x 1/5 in.; ligule present. Carlson, N.K. Hawaii BISH 1964-07-15
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